專題九 被動語態(tài)

 

　　動詞語態(tài)分為兩大類：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 主動語態(tài)：主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。 被動語態(tài)：主語是動作的承受者。動作的執(zhí)行者由by連接的短語表示，常譯為“被、由”。

 

　　對于英語的被動語態(tài)，我們可以以下五個方面來掌握。

 

　　一、主語與謂語動詞的邏輯關系 被動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者或?qū)ο蟆?如：Computers are widely used in our work and daily life. 電腦在我們的工作和日常生活中廣泛應用。(computers就是use的對象或承受者)

 

　　二、表示被動語態(tài)的形式 (1)基本形式：主語 + be + vt.的過去分詞 + (by + sb.) This song is often sung by children at school. 這首歌經(jīng)常在學校被孩子們唱。

 

 

　　(2)其他形式： (選學)

 

　　①主語 + be + vt. 的過去分詞 + (by +. sb.)+賓語/ 介詞 + 賓語

 

　　A. 主語 + be + vt. 的過去分詞 + (by + sb.)+ 賓語/to +賓語 I was shown his gold medal there. 在那里他給我看了他的金牌。 His gold medal was shown to me. 他的金牌給我看了。 能用于這一句型的常見動詞有bring，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，post，send，show，teach，tell，throw，write等。

 

　　B. 主語 + be + vt. 的過去分詞 + (by + sb.)+ 賓語 /for +賓語 I was bought a new dictionary (by my father). 我父親給我買了一本新字典。 A new dictionary was bought for me (by my father). 我父親給我買了一本新字典。 能用于這一句型的常見動詞有buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save等。

 

　　②主語 + be + vt. 的過去分詞 + (by + sb.)+ 主語的補足語 Jim was made chairman at the meeting. Jim在會上被推選為主席。 Li Lei was seen to break the glass this moming. 李雷今天上午被人看到打碎了那塊玻璃。 能用于這一句型的常見動詞有feel，hear，make，observe，see，watch等。特別注意的是，在主動語態(tài)中，不定式做賓語的補足語，不定式前面的小品詞to必須省略，而在被動語態(tài)中，不定式做主語的補足語，不定式的小品詞to必須補上。

 

　�、壑髡Z +情態(tài)動詞(can/could/may/might/must/should/ought to)+ be + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + sb.) Water can be turned into ice. 水能轉(zhuǎn)變成冰。 Your essay should be rewritten again. 你的論文應該還重新修改一遍。

 

　�、苤髡Z +be + 短語動詞的過去分詞 + (by + sb.) His words should be paid much attention to. 應該多注意他的話。 The children in China are taken good care of now. 現(xiàn)在中國的孩子被照料得很好。 注意：動詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。

 

　�、菪问街髡Z(It) +be + vt.的過去分詞 +主語從句 It is reported that our team has won the game again. 據(jù)報道，我們隊又贏了比賽。 能用于這一句型的常見動詞有believe，expect，know，report，say，suppose，think等。這一句型也可變?yōu)椋?主語 + be + vt. 的過去分詞+不定式短語 The Mars is believed to have no life on it. 火星被確認無生命跡象。 Our team is reported to have won the game again. 據(jù)報道，我們隊又贏了比賽。

 

　　三、被動語態(tài)的用法

 

　　被動語態(tài)往往表示一種客觀的事實，有時語氣比較生硬，沒有商量的余地，從而令人難以接受，因此，切不可隨便使用。在能用主動語態(tài)表示時，盡量使用主動語態(tài)，只有在下面的情況中才使用被動語態(tài)。

 

　�、僬f不出動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要說出動作的執(zhí)行者; 如：The classroom had been cleaned when I got there.

 

　　當我到達教室的時候，教室已經(jīng)被人打掃過了。

 

　　(教室究竟是誰打掃的，說話者并不知道)

 

　�、跒榱送怀龌驈娬{(diào)動作的承受者或?qū)ο?如：Homework must be finished before school is over.

 

　　作業(yè)必須在放學之前做完。(強調(diào) Homework)

 

　�、蹫榱诵揶o的需要，使句子間的聯(lián)系更緊密。如: I have a new motorbike. It was given to me by my father yesterday as my birthday present. 我有一臺新摩托車。它是昨天我父親買給我作為生日禮物的。(顯然，It指代 the new bike就與上文的a new motorbike緊密相連)

 

　　四、不能使用被動語態(tài)的情況

 

　　(1)不及物動詞沒有被動形式。特別要注意漢語中帶名詞或代詞做賓語的動詞，如belong，die，happen，occur，take place等不及物動詞。 如：A terrible traffic accident happened on the road yesterday. (昨天在公路上發(fā)生了一起可怕的交通事故。)就不能改寫為：A terrible traffic accident is happened on the road yesterday.

 

　　(2)一些靜態(tài)的及物動詞也不能用于被動語態(tài)。如agree with，fit，have，hold，own，suit等。 如：I don’t agree with Jack. (我不同意Jack的觀點。)就不能改寫為：Jack isn ' t agreed with.

 

　　五、主動形式表被動意義如：The pen writes well. 這支筆很好寫。 The food tastes good. 這些食物嘗起來味道很好。

 

　　His house is comfortable to live in. 他的房子住起來很舒服。

 

　　實戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計分:

 

　　1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

 

　　A. Did ; build B. Was ; built C. Is; built

 

　　2.An accident ____ on this road last week.

 

　　A. was happened B. has happened C.happened

 

　　3. --- This kind of rice tastes nice. Do you know where it is grown?

 

　　--- Yes, it _______ in Southeast China.

 

　　A. was grew B. is grown C. is growing

 

　　4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

 

　　A. is visited B. has been visited C. was visited

 

　　5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

 

　　A. is given B. has been given C. will be given

 

　　6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

 

　　A. are doing B. are being done C. will be done

 

　　7.The doctor _____ for yet.

 

　　A. isn't sent B. wasn't sent C. hasn't been sent

 

　　8. ---When ___ this kind of computer ______?

 

　　---Last year.

 

　　A. was; made B. did; make C .are; made

 

　　9.Who _____ this book _____?

 

　　A. did; write B. was; written by C. is; written

 

　　10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

 

　　A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked

 

　　11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

 

　　A. was told to us B. was told us C. is told us

 

　　12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

 

　　A. jumped B. jumps C. to jump

 

　　13.Older people ____ well.

 

　　A. must be looked after B. looks after C. must look after

 

　　14.Our teacher ______ carefully.

 

　　A. should be listened B. should be listened to C. are listened

 

　　15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.

 

　　A. is served B. serves C. served

 

　　16. --- Did you win the basketball game?

 

　　--- Bad luck. Our team _______ in the final one.

 

　　A. won B. was won C. was beaten

 

　　17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?

 

　　A. would be completed B. will be completed C. is completed

 

　　18. Great changes _______ in China since 1949.

 

　　A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place

 

　　19. ---Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?

 

　　---She has _______ by her classmates.

 

　　A. laughed B. been laughed C. been laughed at

 

　　20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.

 

　　A. need B. are needing C. are needed

 

　　21. This painting _______ to a museum in New York in 1977.

 

　　A. sells B. sold C. was sold

 

　　22. The television _______. It doesn’t work now.

 

　　A. must repair B. must be repaired C. has repaired

 

　　23. --- Do you think that the classroom _______ every day?

 

　　--- Yes, I think so.

 

　　A. should clean B. should be cleaning C. should be cleaned

 

　　24. I believe that those mountains _______ with trees in a few years’ time.

 

　　A. are covered B. will be covered C. will cover

 

　　25. It is said that about 400 cars _______ in the factory next month.

 

　　A. will produce B. are produced C. will be produced

 

　　26. I wasn’t at home yesterday. I _______ to help with the harvest on the farm.

 

　　A. was asked B.was asking C. asked

 

　　27. ---Are you free this afternoon?

 

　　---No. I’ll have an English composition _______ this afternoon.

 

　　A. to write B. wrote C. to be written

 

　　28. --- Where are the boys?

 

　　--- Oh, they _______ basketball on the playground just now.

 

　　A. were seen play B. were seen to play C. had seen play

 

　　29. --- Can you sing this English song?

 

　　--- Of course I can. It _______ often _______ by children.

 

　　A. is; sang B.was ; sang C.is ; sung

 

　　30. ---What did Miss Zhang say to you just now?

 

　　---She said that all the books should ___ to the library on time.

 

　　A. are returned B. return C. be returned

 

　　31. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.

 

　　A. is not decided B. have not been decided C. has not been decided

 

　　32. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.

 

　　A. learn B. to learn C. learned

 

　　33. A football match _______ in our school next Monday.

 

　　A. will hold B. will be held C. is going to hold

 

　　34. ----What’s happened to Joe?

 

　　---- ________ to a hospital.

 

　　A. He’s taken B. He’s been taken C. He’ll be taken

 

　　35.--- Did you go to the party yesterday?

 

　　---- No, I ________.

 

　　A. wasn’t invited B. was invited C. didn’t invite

 

　　36. Today the forests have almost gone. People must ______ down too many trees.

 

　　A. stop from cutting B. stop to cut C. be stopped from cutting

 

　　37 .He was seen ________ something from the shop.

 

　　A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen

 

　　38. One of the club activties ________ by Mr Smith.

 

　　A. is holding B. are held C. is held

 

　　39. This kind of medicine ________ in a dry and cool place.

 

　　A. must keep B. kept C. must be kept

 

　　40. The dog _________ an hour ago.

 

　　A.died B.has died C.has been dead

 

　　41. ---Mary, you ____ on the phone.

 

　　--- Thank you, Mom.

 

　　A. are wanted B. will be wanted C. have wanted

 

　　42. This book ________ well in the shop.

 

　　A. sells B. is selling C. is sold

 

　　43.The windows__________ after school is over.

 

　　A.usually closed B.are usually closed C.are usually closing

 

　　44.They sat at the table until all the food __________ .

 

　　A.was eating B.was eaten C.were eaten

 

　　45.I don’t know the restaurant, but it ___________to be quite a good one.

 

　　A.is said B.is told C.is spoken

 

　　46. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he _______.

 

　　A. must be taken care B. must take care of C. must be looked after

 

　　47. ----I feel very happy that I __________ to be the host.

 

　　----Congratulations.

 

　　A. choose B. am chsoen C. was chosen

 

　　48.Trees and grass __________ every year to protect our environment.

 

　　A.is planted B.are planted C.have planted

 

　　49.English _________in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well as America.

 

　　A.speaks B.is speaking C.is spoken

 

　　50. ---Look at the sign on the wall.

 

　　--- Oh, parking _______ here.

 

　　A. doesn’t allow B.isn’t allowed C. wasn’t allowed

 

　　參考答案

 

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